[Bldg-sim] Calibrated Simulations & ASHRAE G14

[Jeff Haberl]

Hello Hayes,

I helped write the calibrated simulation section of Guideline 14, including the new Guideline 14, which is about to go out for public review. I also participated in the NEMVP, IPMVP. 

Currently, the Guideline 14 committee is completing the final draft and will meet at the Chicago ASHRAE meeting for final discussion before it goes out (Dennis Landsberg is the committee chair, and I've cc'd others to chime in). So, if you wait for a little bit, you'll be able to get the public review draft of the new Guideline 14, which contains lots of new, good stuff.

You'll also find useful material in the IPMVP (latest version), the ASHRAE Performance Metric Protocols, and the ASHRAE Handbook of Fundamentals, Chapter 19, 2009. Dr. Reddy also now has a great text book on statistical or inverse methods for engineers.

In addition, here are some of papers that our Lab has published that address the issue of calibrated simulation. You'll find most of these on-line at our web site:

Song, S., Haberl, J. 2008. “A Procedure for the Performance Evaluation of a New Commercial Building: Part I – Calibrated As-built Simulation”,  ASHRAE Transactions-Research, Vol. 114, Pt. 2, pp. 375-388 (June ).

Song, S., Haberl, J. 2008. “A Procedure for the Performance Evaluation of a New Commercial Building: Part II – Overall Methodology and Comparison of Results”,  ASHRAE Transactions-Research, Vol. 114, Pt. 2, pp. 389 – 403 (June).

Haberl, J., Culp, C., Co-authors, “Chapter 27: Monitoring and Verification,” Energy Management Handbook, 5th Edition, Wayne Turner, Editor, Fairmont Press, New York (2005), pp. 715 – 762. 

Im, P., Haberl, J. 2010. “Analysis of the Energy Savings Potential in K-5 Schools in Hot and Humid Cliamtes: Application of High Performance Measures and Renewable Energy Systems”, Proceedings of the SIMBUILD 2010 Conference, International Building Performance Simulation Association – USA, New York, N.Y. (August).  

Cho, S., Haberl, J. 2008. “Validation of the eCALC Commercial Code-Compliant Simulation Versus Measured Data from an Office Building in a Hot and Humid Climate”, Proceedings of the 16th  Symposium on Improving Building Systems in Hot and Humid Climates, Texas A&M University, Dallas, Texas, published on CD ROM (December).

Im, P., Haberl, J. 2008. “Analysis of the Energy Savings Potential in K-5 Schools in Hot and Humid Climates”, Proceedings of the 16th  Symposium on Improving Building Systems in Hot and Humid Climates, Texas A&M University, Dallas, Texas, published on CD ROM (December).

Haberl, J., Davies, H., Owens, B., Hunn. B. 2008. “ASHRAE’s New Performance Measurement Protocols for Commercial Buildings”, Proceedings of the 8th International Conference for Enhanced Building Operation”, Berlin, Germany, published on CD ROM (October).

Kissock, K., Haberl, J., Claridge, D. 2003. “Inverse Model Toolkit (1050RP): Numerical Algorithms for Best-Fit Variable-Base Degree-Day and Change-Point Models,” ASHRAE Transactions-Research, Vol. 109, Pt. 2, pp. 425-434. 

Haberl, J., Claridge, D., Kissock, K. 2003. “Inverse Model Toolkit (1050RP): Application and Testing, ASHRAE Transactions-Research, Vol. 109, Pt. 2, pp. 435-448, 2003.

Sreshthaputra, A., Haberl, J., Andrews, M. 2004. “Improving Building Design and Operation of a Thai Buddhist Temple,” Energy and Buildings, Vol. 36, pp. 481-494.

Abushakra, B., Haberl, J., Claridge, D. 2004. “Overview of Literature on Diversity Factors and Schedules for Energy and Cooling Load Calculations (1093-RP),” ASHRAE Transactions-Research, Vol. 110, Pt. 1 (February), pp. 164-176. 

Claridge, D., Abushakra, B., Haberl, J. 2003. “Electricity Diversity Profiles for Energy Simulation of Office Buildings (1093-RP),” ASHRAE Transactions-Research, Vol. 110, Pt. 1 (February), pp. 365-377.

Reddy, T., Haberl, J., Elleson, J. 1999. “Engineering Uncertainty Analysis in the Evaluation of Energy and cost Savings of Cooling System Alternatives Based Upon Field Monitored Data,” ASHRAE Transactions-Research, Vol. 105, Pt.. 2, pp. 1047 - 1057 (June). 

Haberl, J., Bou-Saada, T. 1998. “Procedures for Calibrating Hourly Simulation Models to Measured Building Energy and Environmental Data,” ASME Journal of Solar Energy Engineering, Vol. 120, pp. 193 - 204 (August). 

Haberl, J., Abbas, M. 1998. “Development of Graphical Indices for Viewing Building Energy Data: Part 2,” ASME Journal of Solar Energy Engineering, Vol. 120, pp. 162 - 167 (August). 

Haberl, J., Abbas, M. 1998. “Development of Graphical Indices for Viewing Building Energy Data: Part 1,” ASME Journal of Solar Energy Engineering, Vol. 120, pp. 156 - 161 (August). 

Haberl, J., Thamilseran, S., Reddy, T., Claridge, D., O’Neal, D., Turner, D. 1998. “Baseline Calculations for Measuring and Verification of Energy and Demand Savings in a Revolving Loan Program in Texas,” ASHRAE Transactions-Research, Vol. 104, Pt. 2, pp. 841 - 858 (June). 

Haberl, J., Thamilseran, S. 1998. “Predicting Hourly Building Energy Use: The Great Energy Predictor Shootout II: Measuring Retrofit Savings,” ASHRAE Journal, Vol. 40, No. 1, pp. 49 - 56 (January). 

Reddy, T., Haberl, J., Saman, N., Turner, W., Claridge, D., Chalifoux, A. 1997. “Baselining Methodology for Facility-Level Monthly Energy Use - Part 2: Application to Eight Army Installations,” ASHRAE Transactions-Research, Vol. 103, Pt. 2, pp. 348 - 359 (June). 

Reddy, T., Haberl, J., Saman, N., Turner, W., Claridge, D., Chalifoux, A. 1997. “Baselining Methodology for Facility-Level Monthly Energy Use - Part 1: Theoretical Aspects,” ASHRAE Transactions-Research, Vol. 103, Pt. 2, pp. 336 - 347 (June). 

Ruch, D., Chen, L., Haberl, J., Claridge, D. 1993. “A Change-Point Principal Component Analysis (CP/PCA) Method for Predicting Energy Usage in Commercial Buildings: The PCA Model,” ASME Journal of Solar Energy Engineering, ASME, New York, N.Y., Vol. 115, pp. 77 - 84 (May). 

Haberl, J., Bronson, D., Hinchey, S., O'Neal, D. 1993. “Graphical Tools to help Calibrate the DOE-2 Simulation Program to Non-weather Dependent Measured Loads,” ASHRAE Journal, Vol. 35, No. 1, pp. 27 - 32 (January).

I also teach calibrated simulation to the students that take my graduate simulation class. In a nutshell, you can do so by using the following simple rules-of-thumb (these are based on Norford/Hseih's work in N.J.):

1. Force the electrical loads to equal whatever data you have, i.e., hourly is best, or use daily or monthly (i.e., see the new ASHRAE Research Project by Abshakra and Reddy for more on this). Force the occupancy and internal loads as well. Shut off infiltration if there is an AHU.

2. Use real weather data (i.e., roll you own weather file), or use the closest TMY or TMY2 or TMY3 files (but do not match the temporal data).

3. Get the average hourly weekday/weekend electrical profiles to match.

4. Use daily heating and cooling from the appropriate hourly report vs real daily data plotted against average daily temperatures. Turn everything on in the simulation (i.e., do not use occupied unoccupied schedules unless you're really sure of this).

5. Look at the results (graphical) and take a good guess at what to tweek, repeat 1 - 4 as needed. 

6. Spend a little time as needed to get the envelope described. Use a simple structure since systems and plant will change answers by +-100 - 500%, versus architectural features that change things by only 20 - 50%.

7. Ask for help.

Finally, follow the +- differences in Guideline 14 or the IPMVP and don't forget that your building could be messed up, which means that your simulation will needed to be messed up to match it.

We're currently working on automated calibrated methods for residential, with some thoughts about the same for commercial. Others have similar tools as well (i.e., see the ASHRAE literature for these).

Hope this helps.

Jeff

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Jeff S. Haberl, Ph.D.,P.E., FASHRAE..............jhaberl at tamu.edu

Professor............................................................Office Ph: 979-845-6507

Department of Architecture.............................Lab Ph:979-845-6065

Energy Systems Laboratory.............................FAX: 979-862-2457

Texas A&M University.....................................77843-3581

College Station, Texas, USA, 77843..................URL:www.esl.tamu.edu

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________________________________________
From: bldg-sim-bounces at lists.onebuilding.org [bldg-sim-bounces at lists.onebuilding.org] on behalf of Hayes Zirnhelt [hzirnhelt at hotmail.com]
Sent: Wednesday, January 04, 2012 4:26 PM
To: bldg-sim at lists.onebuilding.org
Subject: [Bldg-sim] Calibrated Simulations & ASHRAE G14

Hi,
Does anyone have experience with calibrated simulations? Especially, in accordance with ASHRAE guideline 14, or other standards / guidelines.

I've been working on a calibrating and EnergyPlus model to measured gas HVAC data for a single family house with extensive monitoring and detailed information available and I am finding it very difficult to achieve the <= 30% CV RSME that Guideline 14 suggests.

I'm surprised that it is this challenging because I have far more information available than what would likely be available in typical modelling jobs. Eg. ACH rating, measured ground temperature data, full as-built plans, indoor temperature measurements....

So I'm curious to hear about anyone else's experiences with this. Is this guideline generally achievable for modellers?

Thanks,

Hayes Zirnhelt
M.A.Sc Candidate, RU Building Science
B.A.Sc Integrated Engineering
hayes.zirnhelt at ryerson.ca
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