[Bldg-sim] Use of simulation for ASHRAE 62.1 for compliance.

[Wealend, Edwin]

Hi Hema,

For the last natural ventilation design I had reviewed, Nathan’s suggestions are sensible – using an annual simulation and bulk airflow modelling within a software such as IES or TAS. Our reviewer requested a further 3-4 steady state CFD simulations using boundary conditions calculated in the bulk airflow model at typical times (including velocities/temperatures at openings calculated based on the same annual climate data used for the energy modelling). These CFD simulations were taken at typical times of the year to show that both mean age of the air wasn’t too high (i.e. that there were no occupied areas that the fresh air was not reaching), and that the temperatures in the spaces as a result of a natural ventilation strategy were not too cold.

Essentially you need to prove that you will achieve the fresh air rates required, without sacrificing comfort and use the CFD to prove the fresh air distribution is acceptable. I wouldn’t say you need to show significantly higher ventilation rates – in winter this would be a significant energy penalty, and you would expect to meet the minimum standard – however, due to the un-predictable nature of the wind, we took the approach of proving that the minimum ventilation in the occupied period always exceeded the requirements of a DOAS mechanical system. This was acceptable to our reviewer.

Unfortunately, 62.1-2007 is not a good tool for passive design – It’s very much a worst case set of criteria.

Hope that helps,
Ed

Edwin Wealend
Principal Engineer
Cundall Engineering Design Consulting (Shanghai) co., Ltd
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From: Nathan Miller [mailto:nathanm at rushingco.com]
Sent: 20 March 2015 21:17
To: Hema Sree Rallapalli; bldg-sim at lists.onebuilding.org
Subject: Re: [Bldg-sim] Use of simulation for ASHRAE 62.1 for compliance.

Hema,

It’s been a while since I documented a natural ventilation project for LEED (I’m assuming you are doing this for LEED?), but in the past (LEED-NC v2.2 era), I’ve used annual natural ventilation simulation results (TAS and IES Virtual Environment are a couple of tools that work) to show that both peak and typical natural ventilation air flow rates are SIGNIFICANTLY higher than the requirements if the building used a mechanical ventilation scheme. My impression of CFD is that it is more of a snap-shot in time rather than giving you results across a time-period, so maybe you could demonstrate flow on a peak day and maybe a “stagnant” day to help present your design. Otherwise I’d recommend presenting results from an annual (or natural-ventilation-season) simulation.

Maybe people who have submitted nat vent designs for review in the more recent past can provide more insight.

Sincerely,

Nathan Miller, PE, LEED AP BD+C – Mechanical Engineer/Senior Energy Analyst
RUSHING | D 206-788-4577 | O 206-285-7100
www.rushingco.com<http://www.rushingco.com/>

From: Bldg-sim [mailto:bldg-sim-bounces at lists.onebuilding.org] On Behalf Of Hema Sree Rallapalli
Sent: Friday, March 20, 2015 2:33 AM
To: bldg-sim at lists.onebuilding.org<mailto:bldg-sim at lists.onebuilding.org>
Subject: [Bldg-sim] Use of simulation for ASHRAE 62.1 for compliance.

Dear All,

We are working on a project where we want to make the building naturally ventilated as per ASHRAE 62.1-2007

The prescriptive requirements for natural ventilation are as follows:

  *   Naturally ventilated spaces must be permanently open to and within 25 ft (8 m) of operable wall or roof openings to the outdoors, the openable area of which is a minimum of 4% of the net occupiable floor area being naturally ventilated. (The net occupiable floor area is measured from the inside surfaces of the walls, excluding permanently enclosed obstructions such as shafts and columns.
  *   Where interior spaces without direct openings to the outdoors are ventilated through adjoining rooms, the opening between rooms must be permanently unobstructed and have a free area of not less than 8% of the area of the interior room nor less than 25 ft² (2.3 m²).
We have square floor plate of 1000 square meter. As per ASHRAE 62.1 only the perimeter area with a depth of 8 meter can be considered as naturally ventilated space. But we have designed the windows and positioned the windows in order to encourage cross ventilation and we can show sufficient distribution of air by doing CFD simulations. Are the CFD simulations enough to prove that this building is compliant with ASHRAE 62.1 as a naturally ventilated building?

Thanks for your time.
Hema.
For further information about Cundall please visit http://www.cundall.com/Locations/Asia/Asia.aspx
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